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- Adaptive
Scheduling of
Master/Worker
Applications
on Distributed
Computational
Resources: (2001)xvi 1
Source: (2001) - Knowledge,
Knowledge Work
and
Organizations:
An Overview
and
Interpretation: Organization
Studies, Vol.
16, No. 6. (1
January 1995),
pp.
1021-1046.Ther
e is current
interest in
the
competitive
advantage that
knowledge may
provide for
organizations
and in the
significance
of knowledge
workers, organ
izational
competencies
and
knowledge-inte
nsive firms.
Yet the
concept of
knowledge is
complex and
its relevance
to
organization
theory has
been insuf
ficiently
developed. The
paper offers a
review and
critique of
current
approaches,
and outlines
an
alternative.
First, common
images of
knowledge in
the
organizational
literature as
embodied,
embedded,
embrained,
encultured and
encoded are
identified
and, to
summarize
popular
writings on
knowledge
work, a
typology of
organizations
and knowledge
types is
constructed.
How ever,
traditional
assumptions
about
knowledge,
upon which
most current
speculation
about
organizational
knowledge is
based, offer a
compartmental
ized and
static
approach to
the subject.
Drawing from
recent studies
of the impact
of new
technologies
and from
debates in
philosophy,
linguistics,
social theory
and cognitive
science, the
second part of
the paper
introduces an
altern ative.
Knowledge (or,
more
appropriately,
knowing) is
analyzed as an
active process
that is
mediated,
situated,
provisional,
pragmatic and
contested.
Rather than
documenting
the types of
knowledge that
capitalism
currently
demands the
approach
suggests that
attention
should be
focused on the
(culturally
located)
systems
through which
people achieve
their knowing,
on the changes
that are
occurring
within such
systems, and
on the
processes
through which
new knowledge
may be
generated.
10.1177/017084
069501600605
Source: Organization Studies, Vol. 16, No. 6. (1 January 1995), pp. 1021-1046. - From the
Cover: A
diapause
pathway
underlies the
gyne phenotype
in Polistes
wasps,
revealing an
evolutionary
route to
caste-containi
ng insect
societies: Proceedings of
the National
Academy of
Sciences, Vol.
104, No. 35.
(28 August
2007), pp.
14020-14025.Co
lonies of
social wasps,
ants, and bees
are
characterized
by the
production of
two phenotypes
of female
offspring,
workers that
remain at
their natal
nest and
nonworkers
that are
potential
colony
reproductives
of the next
generation.
The phenotype
difference
includes
morphology and
is fixed
during larval
development in
ants, honey
bees, and some
social wasps,
all of which
represent an
advanced state
of sociality.
Paper wasps
(Polistes)
lack
morphological
castes and are
thought to
more closely
resemble an
ancestral
state of
sociality
wherein the
phenotype
difference
between
workers and
nonworkers is
established
only during
adult life. We
address an
alternative
hypothesis: a
bias toward
the potential
reproductive
(gyne)
phenotype
among Polistes
female
offspring
occurs during
larval
development
and is based
on a
facultatively
expressed
ancestral life
history trait:
diapause. We
show that two
signatures of
diapause
(extended
maturation
time and
enhanced
synthesis and
sequestration
of a hexameric
storage
protein)
characterize
the
development of
gyne offspring
in Polistes
metricus.
Hexameric
storage
proteins are
implicated in
silencing
juvenile
hormone
signaling,
which is a
prerequisite
for diapause.
Diverging
hexamerin
protein
dynamics
driven by
changes in
larval
provisioning
levels thereby
provide one
possible
mechanism that
can cause an
adaptive shift
in phenotype
bias during
the Polistes
colony cycle.
This
ontogenetic
basis for
alternative
female
phenotypes in
Polistes
challenges the
view that
workers and
gynes
represent
behavior
options
equally
available to
every female
offspring, and
it exemplifies
how social
insect castes
can evolve
from casteless
lineages.
10.1073/pnas.0
705660104
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, No. 35. (28 August 2007), pp. 14020-14025. - Workers of a
Polistes Paper
Wasp Detect
the Presence
of Their Queen
by Chemical
Cues: Chem. Senses,
Vol. 32, No.
8. (1 October
2007), pp.
795-802.Differ
ences in
long-chain
hydrocarbon
mixtures among
reproductive
and
nonreproductiv
e individuals
have been
often revealed
in social
insects.
However, very
few papers
demonstrated
that these
signatures
actually act
as contact
pheromones
used by
nonreproductiv
e to recognize
the presence
of a related
queen in the
colony.
Cuticular and
glandular
hydrocarbons
of Polistes
paper wasps
have been
extensively
studied, but,
until now, the
perception and
recognition of
such cues was
not
demonstrated.
In this paper,
we show, for
the first time
in Vespidae,
that Polistes
gallicus
workers
distinguish
nestmates from
alien
individuals
and queens
from workers
by the
hydrocarbon
mixtures of
the Van der
Vecht organ
secretion
(VVS). We also
demonstrated
that stroking
behavior (a
peculiar
behavior of
Polistes by
which queens
probably lay
VVS on the
nest) acts as
an inhibitor
of ovarian
development in
workers.
10.1093/chemse
/bjm047
Source: Chem. Senses, Vol. 32, No. 8. (1 October 2007), pp. 795-802. - Dispersal
decisions and
predispersal
behavior in
Polistes paper
wasp ?workers?: Behavioral
Ecology and
Sociobiology,
Vol. 61, No.
12. (11
October 2007),
pp.
1877-1883.Abst
ract Social
insects are
popular models
for studying
the evolution
of
cooperation.
Casteless taxa
where
individuals
have the
flexibility to
either nest
alone or
cooperate are
particularly
valuable for
understanding
the causes and
consequences
of cooperative
behavior. For
example, some
?workers? from
Polistes paper
wasp nests
disappear from
their natal
colony soon
after pupal
emergence and
nest
independently.
However,
little is
known about
dispersal
behavior. In
this paper, I
compare
predispersal
behavior of
wasps who
leave their
natal colony
soon after
emergence with
behavior of
individuals
who remain on
the natal
colony as true
workers. I
found that P.
dominulus
females with
short nest
tenure behave
much like
gynes
(reproductive-
destined
offspring
produced at
the end of the
season), as
wasps with
short nest
tenure are
behaviorally
selfish while
on the natal
colony. They
spend a
smaller
proportion of
their time
foraging and a
larger
proportion of
their time
resting than
workers with
long nest
tenure. In
addition, I
assessed the
factors that
may favor
early
dispersal.
Nest
environment
strongly
influenced
dispersal;
large colonies
had a smaller
proportion of
females with
short nest
tenure. Queen
turnover also
increased
dispersal
behavior
perhaps
because queen
turnover
reduces
relatedness
between a
colony?s
current and
future
offspring,
thereby
reducing the
kin-selected
benefits of
cooperation.
Therefore,
casteless
social insects
exhibit a
surprising
degree of
reproductive
flexibility.
Individuals
may use
information
about their
internal state
and nest
environment to
optimize their
behavioral
strategies.
Source: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 61, No. 12. (11 October 2007), pp. 1877-1883.
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